Treaties

Preventing “dangerous” human interference with the climate system is the ultimate aim of the UNFCCC. The specific goal is to work and stabilise the greenhouse gas concentrations. The convention also focused on aiding developing countries in achieving these goals.

https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-convention/what-is-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh

It is a legally binding treaty on climate change and the main goal is to limit global warming to 2 or preferably 1.5 degree celsius by working on controlling the greenhouse gas emissions. It is based on a 5 year plan where countries put in effort to combat climate change. The Paris Agreement provides a framework for financial, technical and capacity building support to those countries who need it.

http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh

Pakistan acted as Chairman of the G-77 at the Earth Summit.

https://www.un.org/en/conferences/environment/rio1992

It provided a roadmap towards a new international climate change agreement such as by highlighting the strong linkages between climate change and disaster risk reduction to effectively manage the former.

https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2007/cop13/eng/06a01.pdf

As a multilateral treaty, it has three main goals. Firstly, the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of the benefits that arise from the use of these resources. This convention aims to promote those actions that lead to a sustainable future and it covers conservation of biodiversity at all levels including ecosystems and species.

http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh

As an international agreement between the governments, it aims to protect endangered plants and animals. It also aims to make sure that the species are protected from over-exploitation during trade and that the trade in these species does not harm or threaten their survival. This treaty ensures to safeguard the species during trade even though it is believed that many species are not endangered during the process.

http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh

This treaty focuses on conservation and sustainable use of wetlands (Ramsar sites). Today 170 nations are signatories to the Ramsar Convention. Under this convention, each country names at least one of its wetlands and aims to apply the concept of “wise use”. It refers to maintaining the ecological character of the wetland which includes areas of marsh, peatland and fen and water. The convention also makes the parties to adopt national Wetland Policies and produce Wetland inventories and conduct research along with creating awareness about the wetlands.

http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh

The convention targets mainly the drylands (arid, semi-arid and sub humid areas) because here some of the most vulnerable ecosystems can be found. With meetings every two years, the main aim has been linking environment and development to sustainable land management.

http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh

Acts as a global platform for conservation and sustainable use of migratory animals. It brings together all the countries through which migratory animals pass. CMS parties drive to ensure that the places they live are restored and to mitigate obstacles to their migration.

http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh

Promoting shared responsibility and cooperative efforts among the parties in the international trade of hazardous chemicals in order to protect the environment from potential harm and to make sure that these chemicals are used in an environmentally friendly way. The convention also promotes the exchange of information regarding these chemicals on a large scale and covers mainly industrial chemicals and pesticides.

http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh

The main goal is to work towards controlling the anthropogenic release of mercury which is released in the atmosphere, soil and water through a variety of sources. The main steps taken under the treaty include banning mercury mines, trying to control the emissions in air and release in water and soil and addressing concerns of storing mercury and its disposal.

http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh

This global agreement aims to protect the Ozone layer by phasing out consumption and production of Ozone-depleting substances. In 2016, the parties involved adopted the Kigali Amendment to phase down production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which harm the ozone layer.

http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh

This convention was formed with the goal of not taking an action but creating awareness among the nations about the impacts of human activities on the ozone layer and in the hopes that this would help policy makers to address the issue accordingly. The main goal has ben to exchange information and then make decisions that can help combat the issue of ozone layer depletion. The convention is still making progress where the nations meet once every three years to discuss important issues including research and financial and administrative matters.

http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh

This global treaty came into action to protect human health and environment from the effects of persistent harmful pollutants. It aims to reduce the release of POPs and also directs parties to restrict trade in such substances. The convention also requires countries to make action plans and come up with the best techniques to control the use of POPs.

http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh

This treaty was designed to reduce the movement of hazardous waste between nations. The focus was to control the movement of hazardous waste from developed countries to the developing ones. The treaty also focuses on introducing ways to manage the waste in an environmentally friendly way.

http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh

Establishes laws and rules regarding the use of oceans and the ocean resources. It also provides a framework for further development regarding seas and oceans in certain areas.

http://www.mocc.gov.pk/Detail/MWYwYTEwMWYtNGQ0OC00ZWY4LWE1ZWUtMTNlZTRkYWE1OTlh